A multimeter is an essential part of your homeowner’s toolbox that allows you to troubleshoot receptacles and other outlets when they don’t function as they should. Learn how to use a multimeter to test outlets and when to call Hoover for professional support.
What is a Multimeter and How Does it Work?
A multimeter is a handheld device that measures voltage and other properties. Also known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM) or multi-tester, these devices help electricians, inspectors, and homeowners to troubleshoot electrical problems, including whether an outlet has power, is properly grounded, or is wired correctly. Multimeters are a versatile tool that combine several functions and test these properties:
- Voltage: Use a multimeter to test alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) and measure the electrical potential difference between the two points. This helps identify wiring or battery problems.
- Resistance: Measuring resistance determines how much a component resists the flow of electricity. Expressed in ohms, resistance tells you how well electricity flows through the current.
- Current: Measure the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit with respect to resistance. This measurement is expressed in amps or milliamps.
- Continuity: Some multimeters test for continuity, which is the absence of resistance. This function helps you see if the current has a complete path or if an incomplete path may be responsible for appliance or device failure.
There are two main types of multimeters — analog multimeters use a moving needle to indicate measurements. Most electricians and homeowners use digital multimeters, which feature an LCD display that shows electrical measurement readings.
Parts of a multimeter
Know your way around your multimeter before electrical troubleshooting. Parts and features differ across multimeter models, but they typically share these components:
- Selection button: This button or knob allows you to choose units of measurement, such as resistance, amps, DC volts, and more.
- Test probes: Two probes on the multimeter, also called test leads, plug into ports to test electrical components. The black probe tests for ground or neutral terminals, and the red port tests for live current.
- Hold button: This function tracks your electrical readings for easy reference.
- Ports: Most multimeters have three ports — the COM port is where black probes plug in, the mAVΩ port links with the red probe, and the 10A port is specialized for measuring currents greater than 200 milliamps.
Safety First: Precautions Before Testing Outlets
Electricity carries serious risks and requires proper safety practices before beginning work. Before testing outlets, follow these electrical safety precautions:
- Use personal protective equipment, including insulated gloves, rubber mats or shoes, and safety glasses that protect against electrical hazards.
- Inspect the multimeter for cracks, leaks, or other damage to ensure accurate reading and don’t use a damaged device.
- Check the outlet’s condition — don’t work on outlets with visible damage or in damp conditions.
- Don’t touch the metal tips of the probes together or with your bare hands. With insulated gloves on, hold the meter probes in one hand.
- Remove plugs from outlets.
Setting Up Your Multimeter for Outlet Testing
Proper multimeter setup is essential for accurate measurements. Turn on and adjust the multimeter, setting it to measure voltage and choosing the AC function, usually denoted with a “V” or squiggly line.
Testing for voltage at the outlet
Check if an outlet receives the correct voltage by inserting the probes — the black probe goes into the neutral slot and the red probe goes into the hot slot. The neutral slot is usually larger than the hot slot.
Look for the reading — most outlets in North America read either 120V or 240V. Multimeter readings that differ from these values suggest a problem with the outlet or its wiring.
Testing for proper grounding
Proper grounding provides a safe and stable pathway for electrical currents. Test for grounding with your multimeter set to voltage mode. To test between hot and ground, insert the black probe into the round-shaped ground slot and the red probe into the hot slot. Look for a normal reading that matches your voltage test, around either 120V or 240V.
Testing for reversed polarity
Reversed polarity is when wires connect in reverse, which means the hot and neutral wires don’t connect properly and may increase the risk of electrical damage or hazards.
Conduct a polarity test on your outlet by moving the black probe to the neutral slot and the red to the ground slot. Look for a 0V reading or similar — significant variations suggest the wiring is reversed.
Troubleshooting Common Outlet Issues
Use a multimeter to troubleshoot common electrical outlet issues in your home, such as:
- No power: If there’s no power to your outlet, check for a tripped circuit breaker and reset as needed. Verify other outlets on the same circuit have power.
- Low voltage: Low voltage readings may stem from faulty outlets with loose connections or damaged wiring. If the outlet is on a shared circuit, ensure that devices and appliances aren’t overloading it.
- Inconsistent continuity: Readings that show inconsistent or no continuity suggest damaged terminal screws or outlet wiring damage.
- Persistent GFCI tripping: Check the GFCI receptacle and other outlets on the same circuit — if they all show faulty readings, the circuit may have underlying issues.
When to Call an Electrician
Multimeter troubleshooting can help identify simple fixes, but most electrical repairs should be left to professionals. A licensed electrician has the safety knowledge and electrical experience to handle troubleshooting and repairs while minimizing risk. Contact a licensed electrician if you find:
- Damaged wiring
- Improperly grounded outlets
- Scorch marks, sparking, or burning smells
- Unreliable power or voltage
- Persistent circuit breaker trips
Call Hoover Electric in Michigan for Outlet Repair and More
If your multimeter shows problems with your outlet, it’s time to call the experts at Hoover Electric. Established in 1980, Hoover Electric, Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling serves customers in Southeast Michigan with courteous and professional service. We offer all the services you need for residential maintenance under one roof as well as competitive pricing, financing solutions, free estimates, and guaranteed satisfaction. For top-quality electrical, plumbing, heating, or cooling services in Clinton Township, contact us or book online.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it safe to use a multimeter?
With good multimeter safety practices, using these devices is generally safe for DIY troubleshooting. Avoid using a multimeter if you’re unsure about the issue or your abilities.
How can I tell if an outlet is faulty?
Numerous signs suggest a faulty outlet, including discolored or scorched faceplates, spark, smoke, or frequent trips. An electrician can inspect and diagnose your outlets.